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In the colon, carcinoid tumors are most often diagnosed and carcinoid syndrome is observed. Mostly large (five centimeters or more) neoplasms are present. They metastasize to regional lymph nodes and are almost always malignant. The survival prognosis for these patients is poor. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out on the basis of external examination, symptoms and research.
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High levels of serotonin are detected in the blood plasma. A specific test is the amount of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. With its elevated level, the probability of carcinoid is almost 90%. To confirm presenceTo determine the tumor, a biopsy of rybelsus pills area is performed and the resulting tissue is examined. Tests are also used to detect elevated hormone levels, but such data may indicate several diseases. Differential diagnosis is carried out with systemic mastocytosis, menopausal hot flashes and side effects from taking medications.
- Therapy for this pathological condition includes treatment of the underlying cause.
- Treatment of carcinoid syndrome.
- The main methods of treatment are.
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ligation of the hepatic vein, which relieves the patient of hot flashes and diarrhea. After surgery, chemotherapy is prescribed, which allows you to get rybelsus medications online of metastases in the body and remove the remnants of the tumor. In case of carcinoid syndrome caused by neoplasms of the small intestine, resection of the small intestine with part of the mesentery is performed. For neoplasms of the large intestine and the presence of a tumor in the area of the ileocecal sphincter, a right hemicolectomy is performed.
Surgical removal is the main method of treating tumors; it can be radical, palliative and minimally invasive. With radical excision, the affected area, adjacent tissue, lymph nodes and metastases are removed. During palliative intervention, only the primary tumor and the largest metastases are removed. Minimally invasive surgery involves For carcinoid syndrome caused by a tumor in the appendix area, an appendectomy is performed. Sometimes nearby lymph nodes are additionally removed.
Palliative intervention is indicated for metastasis. It involves removing large lesions to reduce hormone levels and the severity of carcinoid syndrome. The indication for chemotherapy is the presence of metastases. It is used in the postoperative period for heart damage, liver dysfunction and significantly higher than normal levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the urine. To avoid the onset of a carcinoid crisis, therapy is started with small doses of drugs, slowly increasing the dosage. The effectiveness of chemotherapy for carcinoid syndrome is quite low. Improvement occurs in 30% of patients, the average duration of remission is about 4-7 months, relapses are possible.
- The combined use of Semaglutide pills and chemotherapy makes it possible to prolong the patient�s life, and in some cases (if the tumor is diagnosed at an early stage) to be cured completely.
- Symptomatic treatment is necessary to alleviate the patient's condition. To do this, use serotonin antagonists, antidepressants, retinoids, alpha interferon, H1 and H2 receptor blockers and other drugs according to indications.
The prognosis for carcinoid syndrome depends on the prevalence and level of malignancy of the neoplasm. With radical removal of the primary tumor and the absence of metastases, a complete recovery is possible. In the presence of metastases, the prognosis is worse. Due to the slow development of carcinoid, life expectancy is from 5 to 15 or more years. The cause of death is multiple metastases in distant organs, heart failure, exhaustion, and intestinal obstruction.
For lung tumors, the life expectancy prognosis is the worst, and the most optimistic is for a tumor in the appendix. Carcinoid syndrome is a clinical manifestation of carcinoid tumor disease. Carcinoid is a tumor that originates from cells of the neuroendocrine system. These cells can be localized in almost any organ, with the exception of Semaglutide and brain, but the most common localization is the digestive organs. Most often, carcinoid affects the small intestine, appendix and ampullary rectum. Much less common are the stomach and liver. It is extremely rarely localized in the respiratory tract and lungs.